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            MySQL---操作数据表基本操作（增删改查） | 
        
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        <ol class="post-toc"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-1"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#插入记录"><span class="post-toc-number">1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">插入记录</span></a><ol class="post-toc-child"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#INSERT-INTO-tbl-name-SET-col-name-value，…"><span class="post-toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">INSERT [INTO] tbl_name SET col_name=value，…</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#INSERT-INTO-tbl-name-col-name-…-SELECT-…"><span class="post-toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">INSERT [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,…)] SELECT …</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-1"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#更新记录"><span class="post-toc-number">2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">更新记录</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-1"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#删除记录"><span class="post-toc-number">3.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">删除记录</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-1"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#查找记录"><span class="post-toc-number">4.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">查找记录</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-1"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#分组"><span class="post-toc-number">5.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">分组</span></a><ol class="post-toc-child"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#筛选分组-HAVING"><span class="post-toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">筛选分组(HAVING)</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#排序-ORDER"><span class="post-toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">排序(ORDER)</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#限制查询返回的数量-LIMIT"><span class="post-toc-number">5.3.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">限制查询返回的数量(LIMIT)</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>

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                MySQL---操作数据表基本操作（增删改查）
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        <h1 id="插入记录"><a href="#插入记录" class="headerlink" title="插入记录"></a>插入记录</h1><p><strong>INSERT [INTO] tbl_name [{col_name,…}] {VALUES|VALUE} (values…),(values…)</strong><br><a id="more"></a></p>
<ul>
<li>不加列名表示需要插入全部数据</li>
<li>对于自增主键，可以用NULL 和 DEFAULT 使之自己增加</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">mysql&gt; INSERT INTO users VALUES(NULL,&apos;TOM&apos;,&apos;123&apos;,20,1);</div><div class="line">Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">mysql&gt; INSERT INTO users VALUES(DEFAULT,&apos;TOM&apos;,&apos;123&apos;,20,1);</div><div class="line">Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>可以写数字运算、函数</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">mysql&gt; INSERT INTO users VALUES(DEFAULT,&apos;TOM&apos;,&apos;123&apos;,10*2-1,1);</div><div class="line">Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">// 使用自带的md5()计算md5</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; INSERT INTO users VALUES(DEFAULT,&apos;TOM&apos;,md5(&apos;123&apos;),10*2-1,1);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>有默认值的列，使用<strong>DEFAULT</strong>表示使用默认值</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">mysql&gt; INSERT INTO users VALUES(DEFAULT,&apos;TOM&apos;,&apos;123&apos;,DEFAULT,1);</div><div class="line">Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>插入多条记录</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">mysql&gt; INSERT INTO users VALUES(DEFAULT,&apos;TOM&apos;,&apos;123&apos;,DEFAULT,1),(NULL,&apos;JERRY&apos;,&apos;456&apos;,DEFAULT,0);</div><div class="line">Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.08 sec)</div><div class="line">Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="INSERT-INTO-tbl-name-SET-col-name-value，…"><a href="#INSERT-INTO-tbl-name-SET-col-name-value，…" class="headerlink" title="INSERT [INTO] tbl_name SET col_name=value，…"></a>INSERT [INTO] tbl_name SET col_name=value，…</h2><p>此方法可以使用子查询<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">INSERT INTO users SET username=&apos;TIM&apos; , password=&apos;789&apos; ,sex=1;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="INSERT-INTO-tbl-name-col-name-…-SELECT-…"><a href="#INSERT-INTO-tbl-name-col-name-…-SELECT-…" class="headerlink" title="INSERT [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,…)] SELECT …"></a>INSERT [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,…)] SELECT …</h2><p>经查询结果插入到指定数据表中<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">将查询到的数据的前5条插入到test表中。</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; INSERT INTO test (id,subject) SELECT studentNo, subjectNo FROM result LIMIT 5;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h1 id="更新记录"><a href="#更新记录" class="headerlink" title="更新记录"></a>更新记录</h1><p><strong>UPDATE table_name SET col_name1=value1 [,col_name2=value2…] [WHERE condition]</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">// 	更改username为TOM的行</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; UPDATE userinfo SET username=&apos;AAA&apos; WHERE username=&apos;TOM&apos;;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">// 在更改信息时使用表达式</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; UPDATE userinfo SET id = id+10;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">// 使用 % 运算符判断奇偶</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; UPDATE userinfo SET email=&apos;ABC&apos; WHERE id%2=0;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="删除记录"><a href="#删除记录" class="headerlink" title="删除记录"></a>删除记录</h1><p><strong>DELETE FROM tbl_name [WHERE condition]</strong><br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">// 删除一条记录</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; DELETE FROM username WHERE username=&apos;AAA&apos;;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h1 id="查找记录"><a href="#查找记录" class="headerlink" title="查找记录"></a>查找记录</h1><p><strong>SELECT value1 [,value2…]</strong><br><strong>[</strong><br><strong>    from table_name </strong><br><strong>    [WHERE condition]</strong><br><strong>    [GROUP BY {col_name|position} [ASC|DESC],…]</strong><br><strong>    [HAVING where_condition]</strong><br><strong>    [ORDER BY {col_name | expr |position}[ASC|DESC],…]</strong><br><strong>    [LIMIT {[offset,]row_count |row_count OFFSET offset}]</strong><br><strong>]</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>每个表达式表示一列，至少有一个</li>
<li>多个列之间用逗号分隔</li>
<li>星号表示所有列，tbl_name.* 可以表示表的所有列</li>
<li><strong>查询表达式可以使用[AS] alias_name 为其服务赋予别名。AS 可以省略不写</strong></li>
<li>别名用于GROUP BY ORDER BY和HAVING子句</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">// 多个表达式之间用逗号隔开</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; SELECT id,username FROM userinfo;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">// table_name.colname 表示特定表中的列</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; SELECT userinfo.id ,userinfo.username,userinfo.email FROM userinfo ;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">// table_name.* 表示特定表中的所有行，单表查询时，table_name.* 与 * 效果相同</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; SELECT userinfo.* FROM userinfo ;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">// 用 AS 给变量取别名</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; SELECT id AS userid FROM userinfo ;</div><div class="line">+--------+</div><div class="line">| userid |</div><div class="line">+--------+</div><div class="line">|     12 |</div><div class="line">|     13 |</div><div class="line">+--------+</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">// AS 可以省略</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; SELECT id userid FROM userinfo ;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="分组"><a href="#分组" class="headerlink" title="分组"></a>分组</h1><p><strong>GROUP BY {col_name|position} [ASC|DESC],…</strong><br>用GROUP BY分组后，结果的每一列从1开始递增编号。分组时可以用数字代替列名<br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">// 按性别分组，student为各组的第一位的信息。</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; SELECT studentName, count(studentNo) AS number  FROM student GROUP BY sex;</div><div class="line">+-------------+--------+</div><div class="line">| studentName | number |</div><div class="line">+-------------+--------+</div><div class="line">| 张萍        |      7 |</div><div class="line">| newName     |      6 |</div><div class="line">+-------------+--------+</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="筛选分组-HAVING"><a href="#筛选分组-HAVING" class="headerlink" title="筛选分组(HAVING)"></a>筛选分组(HAVING)</h2><p><strong>HAVING condition</strong><br>在分组完成后，筛选满足条件的组。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">// 按照gradeId分组</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; SELECT studentName,count(studentNo) AS number FROM student GROUP BY gradeId ;</div><div class="line">+-------------+--------+</div><div class="line">| studentName | number |</div><div class="line">+-------------+--------+</div><div class="line">| newName     |      9 |</div><div class="line">| 王宝宝      |      2 |</div><div class="line">| 陈志强      |      2 |</div><div class="line">+-------------+--------+</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">// 从分组中筛选number大于3的分组</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; SELECT studentName,count(studentNo) AS number FROM student GROUP BY gradeId HAVING number&gt;=3;</div><div class="line">+-------------+--------+</div><div class="line">| studentName | number |</div><div class="line">+-------------+--------+</div><div class="line">| newName     |      9 |</div><div class="line">+-------------+--------+</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>用数字代替列名,GROUP BY 2 结果中的第二个参数 GROUP BY examDate</strong><br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">// 2 表示第二个参数，即examDate</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; SELECT studentNo,examDate,count(studentNo) AS count FROM result GROUP BY examDate HAVING count&gt;2;</div><div class="line">+-----------+---------------------+-------+</div><div class="line">| studentNo | examDate            | count |</div><div class="line">+-----------+---------------------+-------+</div><div class="line">|     10000 | 2016-02-17 00:00:00 |     8 |</div><div class="line">+-----------+---------------------+-------+</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">// 效果与下列相同</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; SELECT studentNo,examDate,count(studentNo) AS count FROM result GROUP BY 2 HAVING count&gt;2;</div><div class="line">+-----------+---------------------+-------+</div><div class="line">| studentNo | examDate            | count |</div><div class="line">+-----------+---------------------+-------+</div><div class="line">|     10000 | 2016-02-17 00:00:00 |     8 |</div><div class="line">+-----------+---------------------+-------+</div><div class="line">1 row in set (0.00 sec)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h2 id="排序-ORDER"><a href="#排序-ORDER" class="headerlink" title="排序(ORDER)"></a>排序(ORDER)</h2><p><strong>ORDER BY col_name [ASC|DESC]</strong><br>将查询结构按照升序（ASC）或者降序（DESC）排列</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">// 降序排列查询到的结果</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; SELECT studentNo ,studentName FROM student ORDER BY studentNo DESC;</div><div class="line">+-----------+-------------+</div><div class="line">| studentNo | studentName |</div><div class="line">+-----------+-------------+</div><div class="line">|     30012 | 李露露      |</div><div class="line">|     30011 | 陈志强      |</div><div class="line">|     20010 | 何小华      |</div><div class="line">|     20000 | 王宝宝      |</div><div class="line">|     10008 | 何睛睛      |</div><div class="line">|     10007 | 秦洋        |</div><div class="line">|     10006 | 肖梅        |</div><div class="line">|     10005 | 张秋丽      |</div><div class="line">|     10004 | 韩秋洁      |</div><div class="line">|     10003 | 张萍        |</div><div class="line">|     10002 | 李斯文      |</div><div class="line">|     10001 | 李文才      |</div><div class="line">|     10000 | newName     |</div><div class="line">+-----------+-------------+</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="限制查询返回的数量-LIMIT"><a href="#限制查询返回的数量-LIMIT" class="headerlink" title="限制查询返回的数量(LIMIT)"></a>限制查询返回的数量(LIMIT)</h2><p><strong>LIMIT  length (start,length)</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>返回的数据，序号从0开始。</li>
<li>length 表示返回前length条记录，（start，length）表示返回从序号为start开始的length条数据</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">// 选择前三条数据</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; SELECT studentNo, studentName FROM student LIMIT 3;</div><div class="line">+-----------+-------------+</div><div class="line">| studentNo | studentName |</div><div class="line">+-----------+-------------+</div><div class="line">|     10000 | newName     |</div><div class="line">|     10001 | 李文才      |</div><div class="line">|     10002 | 李斯文      |</div><div class="line">+-----------+-------------+</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">// 选择从序号为2开始的3条数据</div><div class="line">mysql&gt; SELECT studentNo, studentName FROM student LIMIT 2,3;</div><div class="line">+-----------+-------------+</div><div class="line">| studentNo | studentName |</div><div class="line">+-----------+-------------+</div><div class="line">|     10002 | 李斯文      |</div><div class="line">|     10003 | 张萍        |</div><div class="line">|     10004 | 韩秋洁      |</div><div class="line">+-----------+-------------+</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
    

    
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